Table 1.
Groups of captive wild mammals from the FPZSP/CFS for the two predicted samplings aiming the diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
Fig 1.
Study area located in The Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo (FPZSP), current Coordenadoria de Fauna Silvestre (CFS).
Study area located in São Paulo Zoo, municipality of São Paulo (São Paulo State/Brazil), showing the five transects (A to E) and some of the enclosures of captive mammals, according to the group they were included (I to IV). This map was created using QGIS version 3.28.12 software (EPSG: 4076 - SIRGAS 2000) and cartographic bases maps modified from open access by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, IBGE (https://www.ibge.gov.br/geociencias/downloads-geociencias.html).
Table 2.
Trypanosoma cruzi infection detected by parasitological (hemoculture and PCR) and serological (IFAT) assays in captive wild mammals from the FPZSP/CFS, Brazil.
Fig 2.
Quantitative ecological network among captive wild mammals from the FPZSP/CFS and Trypanosoma cruzi.
The bars on the left represent the infected mammals’ species and on the right the protozoan. The frequency of interaction between each species and the protozoan is illustrated by the bars’ length. The links represent the present interactions, and the thickness is proportional to their frequency, represented by distinct colors for each mammalian family.
Fig 3.
Phylogenetic tree reconstructed from sequences of the 18S SSU rDNA gene of parasites of the genus Trypanosoma belonging to the T. cruzi clade.
Data originated from: nine captive mammals from the FPZSP/CFS (ex situ), seven free-living mammals (in situ) and seven triatomines. Forty-two nucleotide sequences were used in the analysis, 18 of which were previously published. The numbers include the statistical support values of the inferences, respectively, by the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) (Kimura’s 2-parameter model) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) (Kimura’s 2-parameter model and four-category).