Table 1.
Baseline (T1) Clinical Characteristics of 178 Patients Evaluated for Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling (After Propensity Score Matching).
Fig 1.
Comparison of Medication Usage Between Positive (PRR) and Negative Reverse Remodeling (NRR) Groups at Baseline (T1) and Follow-up (T2).
The percentage of patients using heart failure medications at baseline (Time 1 – T1) and follow-up (Time 2 – T2) is illustrated. (A) Compared to the NRR group, the PRR group had significantly lower use of beta-blockers (BBs) (p = 0.004), spironolactone (p < 0.001), and triple therapy (ACEis/ARBs, BBs, and spironolactone) (p < 0.001). (B) There were no significant differences. ACEis/ARBs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers.
Table 2.
Follow-up (T2) Clinical Characteristics of 178 Patients Evaluated for Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling After Drug Optimization (After Propensity Score Matching).
Fig 2.
Boxplots of Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients with Positive and Negative Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling.
Measurements were evaluated at two time points: time 1 (LVEF1, LVEDD1, and LVESD1), time 2 (LVEF2, LVEDD2, and LVESD2) and the variation between the two time points (ΔLVEF, ΔLVEDD, ΔLVESD). LVEF (%), Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD (mm), Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVESD (mm), Left ventricular end-systolic diameter; Δ LVEF (%), Change in LVEF between time 2 and time 1; Δ LVEDD (mm), Change in LVEDD between time 2 and time 1; Δ LVESD (mm), Change in LVESD between time 2 and time 1.
Fig 3.
Kaplan–Meier curves for the primary outcome (A) and total mortality (B). The event-free survival time was significantly better in the positive reverse remodeling (PRR) group than in the negative reverse remodeling (NRR) group. (A) The mean (and 95% CI) survival times were 10.308 years (9.473–11.143) in the PRR group and 8.122 years (7.181–9.063) in the NRR group. The overall event-free survival mean for all patients was 9.290 years (8.636–9.994). (B) The mean (and 95% CI) survival times were 10.591 years (9.791–11.391) in the PRR group and 8.605 years (7.675–9.534) in the NRR group. The overall event-free survival mean for all patients was 9.695 years (9.060–10.329).
Table 3.
Cox Proportional Hazards Model for Event-Free Survival (Total Mortality and Heart Transplantation)*.
Table 4.
Binary logistic regression for independent predictors of positive left ventricular reverse remodeling.