Fig 1.
Map of sample collection points and S.
Typhi and blaCTX-M group 1 results in Karachi, Pakistan for drinking water (DW) and wastewater (WW) and their corresponding biofilms. Circles with a blue border indicate a drinking water source. Circles with a brown border indicate a wastewater source. Blue- or brown-bordered circles with an interior yellow border and opaque blue or brown inner circle indicate that the bulk water sample from that site was positive, but the biofilm sample from that site was negative. Blue- or brown-bordered circles with an interior white border and opaque yellow inner circle indicate that the biofilm sample from that site was positive, but the bulk water sample from that site was negative. Blue- or brown-bordered circles with a large inner yellow circle indicate that both bulk water and biofilm samples from that site were positive. Light blue square outline indicates a drinking water biofilm sample positive for S. Typhi. Base map and shape files were generated using the DIVA-GIS climate data folder: https://diva-gis.org/climate.html.
Fig 2.
Map of sample collection points and S.
Typhi and blaCTX-M group 1 results in Hyderabad, Pakistan for drinking water (DW) and wastewater (WW) and their corresponding biofilms. Circles with a blue border indicate a drinking water source. Circles with a brown border indicate a wastewater source. Blue- or brown-bordered circles with an interior yellow border and opaque blue or brown inner circle indicate that the bulk water sample from that site was positive, but the biofilm sample from that site was negative. Blue- or brown-bordered circles with an interior white border and opaque yellow inner circle indicate that the biofilm sample from that site was positive, but the bulk water sample from that site was negative. Blue- or brown-bordered circles with a large inner yellow circle indicate that both bulk water and biofilm samples from that site were positive. Red square outline indicates a bulk wastewater sample positive for S. Typhi. Base map and shape files were generated using the DIVA-GIS climate data folder: https://diva-gis.org/climate.html.
Table 1.
Primers used in conventional PCR to detect S. Typhi and blaCTX-M group 1 genes.
Table 2.
Number of water and biofilm samples in which the CTX-M group 1 gene was detected.