Table 1.
Subject groups undergoing immunologic testing.
Table 2.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients included in the immunologic study.
Fig 1.
Immune activation CD38+ HLA-DR+ status in CD3+CD4+ (A) and in CD3+CD8+ T cells (B).
Each point in the graphs represents one individual and horizontal bars represent median. ANOVA Kruskal Wallis test, with Dunn´s post-test was performed with p<0.05 of significance. UC = Uninfected Controls; HIV = PLHIV negative serology to Leishmania infantum antigens; Asympt HIV/Leish = PLHIV with positive serology to Leishmania infantum antigens; AIDS/VL = subjects in AIDS and active visceral leishmaniasis; VL = active visceral leishmaniasis patients without HIV; Recovered VL = subjects without HIV after cure of visceral leishmaniasis; DTH+ = subjects without HIV with positive Montenegro skin test.
Fig 2.
Proportions of cells positive for markers of senescence (CD57+) and exhaustion (PD1+) in CD3+CD4+ (A and C) or in CD3+CD8+ T cells (B and D).
Each point in the graphs represents one individual and horizontal bars represent median. Kruskal Wallis test, with Dunn´s post-test was performed with p<0.05 of significance. UC = Uninfected Controls; HIV = PLHIV with negative serology to Leishmania infantum antigens; Asympt HIV/Leish = PLHIV with positive serology to Leishmania infantum antigens; AIDS/VL = subjects in AIDS and VL = active visceral leishmaniasis patients without HIV; Recovered VL = subjects without HIV after cure of visceral leishmaniasis; DTH+ = subjects without HIV with positive Montenegro skin test.
Fig 3.
Score plot of the principal component analysis results for immunological data for all analyzed groups.
Each dot in the graphs represents one individual. Each color in the PCA graph represents one groups of subjects: Blue dot = Asymptomatic HIV/Leish; Red dot = AIDS/VL; Pink dot = VL; Orange dot = HIV; Purple dot = Recovered VL; Green dot = DTH+; Gray dot = UC.