Table 1.
Study population: demographic information, DENV serotype, and health facility, PDCS and PDHS, Managua, Nicaragua, 2004–2024.
Fig 1.
DENV circulation by immune status in the PDCS and PDHS combined, Managua, 2004–2024.
Circulating serotypes and immune status in dengue cases in the studies in Managua are represented. The hospital study was not run in 2020 and 2021. P, primary; S, secondary.
Table 2.
Age distribution of dengue cases by DENV serotype and immune status, PDCS and PDHS, Managua, Nicaragua, 2004–2024.
Table 3.
Dengue severity by serotype and immune status using the WHO 1997 and 2009 classifications, PDCS and PDHS, Managua, Nicaragua, 2004–2024.
Fig 2.
Distribution by immune response among severe dengue cases, PDCS and PDHS combined, Managua, 2004–2024.
P, primary; S, secondary; IR, immune response.
Fig 3.
Model-derived severity by DENV serotype of infection and immune status in the PDCS and PDHS combined, Managua, 2004–2024.
Model-derived estimates compared to DENV1 stratified by WHO disease severity classification and immune status, as indicated. Model was adjusted by age and sex. Due to sample size, DENV4 was excluded from the analysis. Blue dotted line, DENV1 reference value. IR, immune response. P, primary; S, secondary.
Fig 4.
Clinical signs, clinical laboratory results, and case management of dengue severity by serotype in both primary and secondary cases in the PDCS and PDHS combined, Managua, 2004–2024.
Mucosal bleeding: epitaxis, gingivorrhagia, conjunctival bleeding, hematuria, hematemesis, melena, vaginal bleeding. ICU, intensive care unit.
Fig 5.
Symptoms of dengue by serotype in both primary and secondary cases in the PDCS and PDHS combined, Managua, 2004–2024.
Table 4.
Compensated shock and hypotensive shock by DENV serotype in patients with shock.