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Table 1.

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study community at first visit.

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Fig 1.

Map of the study area showing a scattered distribution of Trachomatous Inflammation-Follicular (TF) at visit one.

Geographical maps were created using QGIS and Map base layers taken from OpenStreetMap https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright generated in QGIS.

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Fig 2.

Map of the study area showing a clustered distribution of conjunctival Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) at visit one.

Note: Each point shows a household. Geographical maps were created using QGIS and Map base layers taken from OpenStreetMap https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright generated in QGIS.

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Table 2.

Detection of Ct DNA and RNA, by clinical status and location at the two visits for children aged 9 years and below.

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Fig 3.

Box-and-whisker plot showing the median C. trachomatis load (omcB copies/swab) among individuals with or without active trachoma (TF and or TI) during examination at both visits.

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Fig 4.

Household distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis in ocular, hand and face samples at visits one and two.

Note: Each divided block shows households and each row represents an individual with their age and Ct infection status. The high load was defined as the geometric mean load exceeding 29 copies/μl across the two combined visits. Swab samples described as "not tested" were not collected. Samples were considered viable if omp2 cDNA amplified with 40 cycles(details in the methods section). Viable samples with high load were defined as “viable high load Ct”, and viable samples with low load were defined as “viable low load Ct”.

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