Fig 1.
Flow diagram of study selection for the systematic review and meta-analysis.
* Due to some studies simultaneously investigating humans, intermediate hosts, and reservoir hosts, the total number of literatures included in the systematic review (271) does not equal the sum of literature for different types of hosts. Similarly, several studies reported infection rates of both lung flukes in crustaceans, resulting in the total number of literature included in the study for the second intermediate host (172) being less than the sum of literature for P. westermani and P. skrjabini.
Fig 2.
Spatial distribution of human paragonimiasis cases docummented in China.
The base layer of the map was downloaded from Resource and Environment Science Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (RESDC, http://www.resdc.cn).
Table 1.
Characteristics of human paragonimiasis cases documented in China.
Table 2.
Estimates of pooled prevalence and subgroup analysis of Paragonimus infection in humans.
Table 3.
Estimates of pooled prevalence and subgroup analysis of Paragonimus infection in the first intermediate hosts.
Fig 3.
Spatial distribution of P. westermani infection in the first intermediate hosts in China.
The base layer of the map was downloaded from Resource and Environment Science Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (RESDC, http://www.resdc.cn).
Fig 4.
Spatial distribution of and P. skrjabini infection in the first intermediate hosts in China.
The base layer of the map was downloaded from Resource and Environment Science Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (RESDC, http://www.resdc.cn).
Table 4.
Estimates of pooled prevalence and subgroup analysis of Paragonimus infection in the second intermediate hosts.
Fig 5.
Spatial distribution of P. westermani infection in the second intermediate hosts in China.
The base layer of the map was downloaded from Resource and Environment Science Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (RESDC, http://www.resdc.cn).
Fig 6.
Spatial distribution of P. skrjabini infection in the second intermediate hosts in China.
The base layer of the map was downloaded from Resource and Environment Science Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (RESDC, http://www.resdc.cn).
Table 5.
Estimates of pooled prevalence and subgroup analysis of Paragonimus infection in animal reservoirs.
Fig 7.
Environmental characteristics of areas with reported Paragonimus infections in China.