Fig 1.
Scheme to analyze the impact of a dengue outbreak on GDP due to reduced tourism in Thailand.
Fig 2.
Flow chart to estimate lost workdays in 2019 due to a dengue outbreak in Brazil.
Table 1.
Estimated effect of a dengue outbreak in Thailand through reduced tourist arrivals from non-endemic countries on macroeconomic outcomes in 2019.
Table 2.
Estimated change in Thailand’s GDP associated with a dengue outbreak due to reduced tourist arrivals from non-endemic countries in 2019 using alternative input values for reduced tourist arrivals.
Fig 3.
Decrease in Thailand’s GDP due to reduced tourist arrivals during a dengue outbreak.
Direct effect refers to lost income in the tourism sector. Indirect effect is the impact that a decrease in demand for the product of one industry has on the demand for the products of its suppliers. Induced effect is the impact on household consumption due to income lost by employees working in jobs related to the tourism sector and its supply chain, further decreasing the demand for goods and services. All estimates are in United States dollars (USD). GDP, gross domestic product.
Table 3.
Distribution of estimated direct, indirect, induced, and total effects on Thailand’s GDP by industry associated with a dengue outbreak due to reduced tourist arrivals from non-endemic countries in 2019.
Fig 4.
Estimated number of lost workdays due to a dengue outbreak by region in Brazil in 2019.
The number of lost workdays was estimated based on the ambulatory and hospitalized numbers of dengue cases among the formally and informally employed population and children as described in the Methods section. The map was created using geobr [90] based on shapefiles provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) [91].
Table 4.
The impact of alternative input values for input parameters on GDP.