Fig 1.
Anatomical distribution of parasites in Chinese hamsters determined by nested PCR.
The results are presented by the balloon graph where the size corresponds to the percentage of infected tissues from the total sum of tested organs of the same type. IE = inoculated ears; CE = contralateral ears; LN-IE = draining lymph nodes of inoculated ears; LN-CE = draining lymph nodes of the contralateral ears.
Table 1.
Infectiousness of tested Chinese hamsters to sand flies during xenodiagnoses.
Fig 2.
Infection rates in Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) and steppe lemmings (Lagurus lagurus) infected with Mundinia.
The numbers of animals evaluated are shown in the graph. P values indicate difference between host species; n.s., nonsignificant difference, *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.0001.
Fig 3.
Anatomical distribution of parasites in steppe lemmings determined by nested PCR.
The results are presented by the balloon graph where the size corresponds to the percentage of infected tissues from the total sum of tested organs of the same type. IE = inoculated ears; CE = contralateral ears; LN-IE = draining lymph nodes of inoculated ears; LN-CE = draining lymph nodes of the contralateral ears.
Fig 4.
Pathological changes caused by Mundinia in the steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus).
A) healthy ear before inoculation; B) lesion formation in animal infected with L. martiniquensis Cu2 12 weeks p.i.; C) dry lesion in animal infected with L. martiniquensis Cu2 15 weeks p.i.; D) partial pinna necrosis in animal infected with L. chancei 13 weeks p.i.; E) destruction of the ear and dissemination of parasites around the eye in animal infected with L. martiniquensis Cu2 19 weeks p.i.; F) hair loss in abdomen of animal infected with L. chancei 12 weeks p.i. (animal on the right).
Fig 5.
Graphical table showing pathological changes observed in steppe lemmings (Lagurus lagurus) infected with Mundinia.
The categories were: asymptomatic (white); swelling (yellow); dry lesion (green); partial destruction of the pinna (orange); destruction of the pinna (red); abdomen hair loss (blue); weight loss (grey); death (black). Axis Y describes week post infection, and axis X shows the number codes of examined animals (each column represents one animal). Specimens used for xenodiagnoses trials are marked with * sign.
Table 2.
Infectiousness of tested steppe lemmings to sand flies during xenodiagnoses.