Fig 1.
Derivation of the two scoring systems for the analysis.
The protein biomarkers were anti-alpha trypsin (AAT), neopterin, myeloperoxidase (MPO). The mRNA biomarkers were sucrase isomaltase (SI), caudal homeobox 1 (CDX1), S100A8, and mucin (MUC12).
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and descriptive statistics of infants and biomarkers.
Fig 2.
The number of infant stool samples testing positive for pathogenic gene markers in; (a) infants aged 6 to 11 months old (b), infants aged 12 months and older from informal settlements in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Table 2.
Geometric means of pathogen stool gene counts by age category.
Statistically significant differences in pathogen loads by age category are bolded.
Table 3.
Spearman correlation coefficients between biomarkers.
Coefficients significant at the 0.05 level are bolded.
Table 4.
Factor loading values and the derivation of PCA score models.
Factor loading values of > 0.4 or < -0.4 are bolded.
Fig 3.
Associations between the theory driven score and stool pathogen gene counts; (a) associations between stool pathogen gene counts and the Enterocyte Integrity Score, (b) associations between the overall Inflammation Score and stool pathogen gene counts, (c) the associations between stool pathogen gene counts and Acute Inflammation, and (d) associations between the Chronic Inflammation Score and stool pathogen counts.
Fig 4.
Associations between the data derived score and stool pathogen gene counts; (a) associations between Chronic Inflammation Score A (SI, AAT, and neopterin) and stool pathogen gene counts, (b) associations between Chronic Inflammation Score B (Cdx1, mucin12, and neopterin) and stool pathogen gene counts (c) associations between Enterocyte Integrity (SI, mucin12, and S100A8) and stool pathogen gene counts, (d) associations between stool pathogen gene counts and the Acute Inflammation Score A (Cdx1, S100A8, and MPO), and (e) associations between stool pathogen gene counts and Acute Inflammation Score B (Cdx1 and S100A8).