Fig 1.
Districts and communes within Dien Bien province in northwestern Vietnam (produced in ArcGIS Pro using political boundary shapefiles from https://geodata.ucdavis.edu/gadm/gadm4.1/shp/gadm41_VNM_shp.zip).
Fig 2.
Local Moran’s I defined spatial clusters of human anthrax incidence (per 10,000) per commune for 3-year intervals, Dien Bien province, Vietnam.
Incidence values were smoothed using the Spatial Bayes routine in GeoDa (detailed Local Moran’s I statistics in S6 Fig. Maps produced in ArcGIS Pro using political boundary shapefiles from https://geodata.ucdavis.edu/gadm/gadm4.1/shp/gadm41_VNM_shp.zip).
Fig 3.
SaTScan-defined space-time clusters and relative risk of human anthrax (Poisson model, 999 permutations, 25% population at risk) in Dien Bien province, Vietnam.
The space-time scan statistics were performed 15%, 25%, and 50% population at risk. Although the variation in the size of clusters were seen at different sizes of circles, the clusters persisted in the same areas in short periods, therefore, the results at 25% were reported (detail in S7 Fig. Maps produced in ArcGIS Pro using political boundary shapefiles from https://geodata.ucdavis.edu/gadm/gadm4.1/shp/gadm41_VNM_shp.zip.
Fig 4.
Annual trend of anthrax in human (A) and livestock (B) at provincial level and contribution of each district to the trends (2010–2018), Dien Bien province, Vietnam.
Fig 5.
Epidemiological distribution of human anthrax reported in Dien Bien province Vietnam from 2012–2018 by age (A), gender (B) and source of infection (C).
Fig 6.
Choropleth maps identifying spatial overlap of human and livestock anthrax in 3-year intervals by crude cumulative incidence (per 10,000) for Dien Bien province, Vietnam.
Maps produced in ArcGIS Pro using political boundary shapefiles from https://geodata.ucdavis.edu/gadm/gadm4.1/shp/gadm41_VNM_shp.zip.
Fig 7.
Association between vaccination coverage in livestock and biannual change in incidence of human and livestock anthrax (2010–2019), Dien Bien province, Vietnam.