Fig 1.
Gut bacterial community composition.
Hierarchical clustering of gut bacterial communities of wild type (WT) and human-microbiota-associated (HMA) mice (columns) grouped according to Pearson correlation between species relative abundances (rows) and explanatory variables indicated at the top of the figure [i.e., experiment, mouse line, infection status and infection burden (EPG = eggs per gram)]. Dark lines on the heatmap separate major clusters in both axes.
Fig 2.
Compositional and functional profiles of the gut metagenomes of wild type (WT) and human-microbiota-associated (HMA) mice.
(A) Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of microbial community composition of all Schistosoma-infected and -uninfected animals in both experiments, determined by mapping of shotgun metagenomic reads against bacterial reference genomes available from the GenBank database. (B) Alpha diversity. (C) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of pathway relative abundances at community-level as determined by HUMAnN3. Asterisks indicate significant differences between groups determined by unpaired t-test: **p<0.01; ***p<0.0001.
Fig 3.
Alterations in gut microbial community composition of wild type (WT) and human-microbiota-associated (HMA) mice associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection.
Principal Coordinates Analyses (PCoA) of microbial community profiles of WT (A) and HMA (B) mice infected with S. mansoni (Sm+) and uninfected controls (Sm-). (C) Bacterial species displaying significant differences in abundance between infected and uninfected samples of each WT and HMA mice, based on Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe).
Fig 4.
Impact of Schistosoma mansoni infection on the fecal metabolic profiles of wild type (WT) and human-microbiota-associated (HMA) mice.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) according to infection status (A) and infection-associated changes in gut metagenome capacity for tryptophan biosynthesis (B) and short-chain fatty acids production (C). Asterisks indicate significant differences in pathway abundance between S. mansoni-infected (Sm+) and uninfected controls (Sm-) of each mouse line by both MaAsLin2 (p<0.05) and LEfSe [LDA score (log) > 2]. Hashtags indicate significant differences in the contribution of selected bacterial species to the overrepresentation of corresponding pathway(s) (MaAsLin2, p<0.05). Full pathway denominations: TRPSYN-PWY = L-tryptophan biosynthesis; ANAEROFRUCAT-PWY = homolactic fermentation; PWY-5022 = 4-aminobutanoate degradation V; P461-PWY = hexitol fermentation to lactate, formate, ethanol and acetate; PWY-5676 = acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate II; PWY-5100 = pyruvate fermentation to acetate and lactate II; PWY-5677 = succinate fermentation to butanoate.