Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of controls, dengue fever, dengue with warning signs and severe dengue patients, and clinical outcomes of dengue participants.
Fig 1.
Plasma levels of sST2 in dengue subjects categorised by disease severities over time.
Dengue subjects (n = 90) classified based on WHO 2009 dengue classifications–dengue fever (n = 36), dengue with warning signs (n = 43) and severe dengue (n = 11); controls (n = 30) collected at one time point were included in the analysis of plasma sST2 levels at: (A) early phase; (B) critical phase; (C) early recovery phase; and (D) late recovery phase. Plasma sST2 concentrations were determined by serial dilution of a standard curve. Data are presented as median (horizontal line). P values by Kruskal Wallis tests. Abbreviation: sST2, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2.
Table 2.
Longitudinal comparison of cardiac parameters and plasma cardiac biomarkers in dengue fever, dengue with warning signs, severe dengue patients and controls.
Fig 2.
Plasma levels of sST2 in categorised dengue group at specific time points.
Dengue subjects (n = 90) classified based on WHO 2009 dengue classifications–dengue fever (n = 36), dengue with warning signs (n = 43) and severe dengue (n = 11). (A) Dengue fever plasma sST2 concentrations from febrile to late recovery phases. (B) DWS plasma sST2 concentrations from febrile to late recovery phases. (C) SD plasma sST2 concentrations from febrile to late recovery phases; Plasma sST2 concentrations were determined by serial dilution of a standard curve. Data are presented as median (black circle and 95% CI). Abbreviation: sST2, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2; CI, confidence interval; DWS, dengue with warning signs; and SD, severe dengue.
Fig 3.
Correlations between plasma sST2 levels and NICaS measure cardiac parameters at critical phase and early recovery.
Dengue subjects (n = 90). (A-C) Critical phase and (D-F) Early recovery phase, dengue plasma sST2 levels correlations with (A, D) stroke index; (B, E) cardiac index; and (C, F) Granov-Goor index. Plasma sST2 concentrations were determined by serial dilution of a standard curve and cardiac parameters measure with whole body bioimpedance device Data presented as dot plots. P values by spearman correlations with R values. Abbreviation: sST2, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2; NICaS, Non-Invasive Cardiac System.