Fig 1.
The steps involved in the successful transmission of an arbovirus by a mosquito.
1. Virus is ingested along with the blood meal from a viremic host. 2. The infectious blood meal is deposited in the posterior section of the mesenteron (midgut). 3. The virus infects and replicates in the epithelial cells of the mesenteron. 4. The virus disseminates from the mesenteronal epithelial cells via the hemolymph and infects other tissues, such as fat bodies or neural tissue, where it can undergo another round of replication. 5. The virus then infects the cells of the salivary glands. 6. The virus is then released in the saliva when the mosquito probes another vertebrate host.
Table 1.
Arboviruses assessed in vector competence experiments involving Australian mosquito species and included in the analysis.
Fig 2.
Estimated proportion of mosquitoes (grouped by genus: color) infected by (x-axis) and transmitting (y-axis) three virus groups (panels).
Points show mean estimates and intervals show 95% credible intervals (CI) at the overall mean (across all experiments) dose and one SD above the overall mean DPE, obtained from the logistic regression models. Non-overlapping horizontal and vertical CI between two mosquito genera for a given viral group indicate statistically different infection and transmission capabilities, respectively, for those genera.
Fig 3.
Raw proportion of mosquitoes (grouped by species: color and genus: rows) infected by (x-axis) and transmitting (y-axis) the viruses (shapes) separated by their viral grouping (columns).
Each point shows the mean number of mosquitoes infected and transmitting across all experiments for that mosquito-virus pair; error bars show +/- one SD, calculated using the proportions across all experiments in that pair. Points without a horizontal or vertical error bar indicate pairs with only one experiment for infection or transmission, respectively. Mosquito-virus pairs without a measure for both infection and transmission are not shown (21 total pairs). Viruses are organized into three groups: Aedes-associated flaviviruses (yellow fever [YFV], Zika [ZIKV] and dengue [DENV, separated by serotype]); Culex-associated flaviviruses (Japanese encephalitis [JEV], West Nile New York strain [WNV], West Nile Kunjin strain [KUNV] and Murray Valley encephalitis [MVEV]); and arthritogenic alphaviruses (chikungunya [CHIKV], Ross River [RRV] and Barmah Forest [BFV]).