Fig 1.
Map of the Tiwi Islands showing its proximity to mainland Australia and the Northern Territory. The Tiwi Islands comprise Bathurst Island and Melville Island. The locations of major settlements on these islands are shown. Darwin is the capital city of the Northern Territory. The map was created in QGIS version 3.26.2-Buenos Aires (QGIS Development Team (2022). QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. http://qgis.osgeo.org). The base layer of the map used to generate this figure was downloaded from https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/standards/australian-statistical-geography-standard-asgs-edition-3/jul2021-jun2026/access-and-downloads/digital-boundary-files and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.
Table 1.
Results of JEV RT-qPCR testing of brain samples.
Fig 2.
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of complete JEV genomes available in GenBank.
The TN model with gamma rate heterogeneity was chosen as the most appropriate model by IQ-TREE v.2.0.6. The results from 1000 bootstrap replicates are given on the nodes and the scale represents the number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
Fig 3.
Maximum clade credibility phylogenetic tree of complete JEV envelope gene sequences, sourced from GenBank.
The phylogeny was reconstructed under a GTR+G+I nucleotide substitution assumption and an uncorrelated relaxed molecular clock model. Genotype V sequences of JEV were excluded from this phylogeny as they were deemed temporal outliers in regression analysis. Posterior probability values of >0.70 are presented adjacent to nodes as indicated by asterisks. The mean time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) is presented above major nodes, with error reported as the 95% highest probability density (95% HPD).