Fig 1.
Study area and sampling sites.
The base map as well as the copyright information for use of the base map files can be obtained at https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-gha. No changes were made to the base map files.
Fig 2.
Granulomatous macro lesions sampled from selected cattle organs: (A) granulated lesion from the lung (B) granulated lesion from the liver (C) granulated lesion from the spleen.
Fig 3.
Activities at a typical abattoir.
(A and B) lairage for cattle (C) ante-mortem inspection by a veterinary officer (D) slaughterhouse for small ruminant (E) slaughterhouse for large ruminant (F) Post-mortem inspection for macro lesions by a veterinary officer.
Fig 4.
MTBC: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.
Table 1.
Infected sites/organs and region where samples were obtained.
Fig 5.
Geographical origin of slaughtered cattle.
Animals sampled came from 29 districts within Northern Ghana. The base map as well as the copyright information for use of the base map files can be obtained at https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-gha. No changes were made to the base map files.*Other districts include: Dabo, Damongo, East_Mamprusi, Gulu, Hamile, Janga, Kabulpe, Kpalbei, Laura, Nalerigu, Nanton, Sagnerigu, Sissala West, Sissala North, West Gonja, Wa West, and West Mamprusi.
Fig 6.
Degree of macroscopic growth on LJ media.
The average macroscopic grading per each pair of LJ tube was used as count data for each cultivated sample.
Table 2.
Microscopic and culture examination of sample homogenates.
Fig 7.
Spatial distribution of spoligotypes.
The base map as well as the copyright information for use of the base map files can be obtained at https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-gha. No changes were made to the base map files.
Table 3.
Identified spoligotype patterns.
Fig 8.
Phylogenetic relationship between M. bovis isolates from both bovine and humans (clinical).
In all, 3 out of the four clinical M. bovis isolates (pink) had the same spoligotype patterns as the bovine isolates. The three M. caprae with distinct patterns (blue) were isolated from bovine source. Two human-adapted MTBCs were isolated from the bovine source; one Maf L6 (Green) and one Mtbss L4 (Red, Cameroon). The labels on the leaves represent the SIT numbers.