Table 1.
Clinical and haematological parameters.
Fig 1.
The Median Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) of PD1 was measured ex vivo by flow cytometry on CD4+ T cells (A) and CD8+ T cells (B) in the PBMCs from VL patients (n = 16) and controls (n = 10). PBMCs were isolated from whole blood as described in Material and Methods. The gating strategy is detailed in S1 Fig. Statistical differences were determined by a Mann-Whitney test. Each symbol represents the value for one individual, the straight lines represent the median.
Fig 2.
Monocytes and neutrophils express PDL-1.
Ex vivo PDL-1 MFI was measured by flow cytometry on monocytes from PBMCs of VL patients n = 16) and controls (n = 10). PBMCs were isolated from whole blood as described in Material and Methods. The gating strategy is detailed in S2 Fig. A. PDL-1 expression on classical monocytes (CD14+/CD16low). B. PDL-1 expression on intermediate monocytes (CD14+/CD16+). C. PDL-1 expression on non classical monocytes (CD14low/CD16+). Statistical differences were determined by a Mann-Whitney test. D. Ex vivo PDL-1 MFI was measured by flow cytometry on neutrophils in the PBMCs from VL patients (n = 16) and controls (n = 8). Neutrophils were purified from whole blood as described in Materials and Methods. The gating strategy is detailed in S3 Fig. Statistical differences were determined by a Mann-Whitney test. Each symbol represents the value for one individual, the straight lines represent the median.
Fig 3.
Interfering with the PD1/PDL-1 pathway results in increased production of IFNγ.
Whole blood cells from VL patients at ToD (n = 14) were stimulated with A. SLA in the presence (1μg) or absence of anti-PD-1 mAb; or B. SLA in the presence (1μg) or absence of an isotype control. IFNγ was measured by ELISA in the supernatant after 24hrs. Statistical differences were determined by a Wilcoxon test. Each symbol represents the value for one individual.