Fig 1.
General framework of the models.
The three models share common epidemiological states: susceptible (S), exposed but not yet infectious (E), infectious with symptoms (I), infectious without symptoms (A), and recovered (R). Infectious individuals shed bacteria into the water (W) (dashed line). Unique features of each model are shown in thick arrows. A: N’Djamena, Chad, a densely populated city. Transmission is influenced by rainfall. B: Maela, a refugee camp. Individuals may enter and exit the population through in- and out-migration. C: Haiti, where transmission is influenced by a road and water mobility network. These networks connect the ten departments. The age-structured and vaccinated analogues of these epidemiological states are omitted for clarity. See S1 Appendix for details.
Fig 2.
Optimal vaccine allocation strategies to minimize total infections (left), symptomatic infections (center), or deaths (right) over one year.
A–C: Chad. D–F: Maela. G–I: Haiti. We considered enough vaccine to cover 10–100% of the population with a single dose.
Fig 3.
Prevalence of cases per 100,000 over one year.
Prevalence of cases using an optimal vaccine allocation that minimized symptomatic infections over different vaccination coverage for A: Chad, B: Maela, and C: Haiti.
Fig 4.
Reductions in the metrics of disease burden from the vaccination campaigns over one year.
Percentage of total infections (left), symptomatic infections (center), and deaths (right) averted over one year for A–C: Chad, D–F: Maela, and G–I: Haiti. We considered enough vaccine to cover 10–100% of the population with a single dose.
Fig 5.
Optimal vaccine allocation strategies to minimize total infections (left), symptomatic infections (center), and deaths (right) over three years.
A–C: Chad. D–F: Maela. G–I: Haiti. We considered enough vaccine to cover 10–100% of the population with a single dose.
Fig 6.
Reductions in metrics of disease burden from the vaccination campaigns over three years.
Percentage of total infections (left), symptomatic infections (center), and deaths (right) averted over three years for A–C: Chad, D–F: Maela, and G–I: Haiti. We considered enough vaccine to cover 10–100% of the population with a single dose.