Table 1.
Observed prevalence and mean infection intensity by urine filtration and prevalence by microhematuria using reagent strip based on the first sample for all individuals and based on individuals with complete data, stratified by village (Tanzania survey, 1993 [27]).
Fig 1.
Comparison of prevalence by reagent strip (with trace negative) and urine filtration computed from raw data.
The dots and triangles represent the prevalence at baseline (before treatment) and follow-up (at 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-treatment) for each study site and ‘Counts’ show the number of individuals tested. A shows the prevalence computed from individuals with complete data at day 1 regarding reagent strip and urine filtration tests. B, C, D, and E show the same for days 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively.
Fig 2.
Sensitivity estimates of urine filtration (10 ml of urine) from a single to a total of five samples collected over consecutive days.
Curves indicate posterior medians, while dark shaded areas provide a 50% and light shaded areas a 95% Bayesian credible interval.
Table 2.
Specificity of each interpretation of the reagent strip RS, x, z defined as a result of at least x (x being T for trace, 1, or 2), on the first z days.
Values are given between 0 and 1, where 1 corresponds to zero probability of a false-positive, values in brackets represent the 95% Bayesian credible interval.
Fig 3.
Sensitivity of a reagent strip (RS) in relation to infection intensity for measurements from a single to a total of 3 and 5 cumulative tests.
Trace results were included in the positives (A) and trace results were included in the negatives (B). Dark shaded areas are the 50% and light shaded areas the 95% Bayesian credible interval.
Fig 4.
Proportion of semi-quantitative results of reagent strip for microhematuria in relation to S. haematobium infection intensity.
The 2+ and 3+ readings were grouped together.
Fig 5.
Simulated relation between observed prevalence of S. haematobium by urine filtration and by reagent strip based on one to five urine samples collected over consecutive days with traces considered either positive or negative.
The black line indicates equivalence between urine filtration and reagent strip results.
Table 3.
Translation of prevalence thresholds from urine filtration (UF) into reagent strip (RS) for the diagnosis of S. haematobium for sampling schemes varying from one to five urine samples over consecutive days when traces were considered either positive or negative.
All numerical values are percentages and the brackets contain 95% percentiles from the simulation.