Fig 1.
Mapping emerging viral diseases.
Emerging diseases in new locations (orange) or caused by newly emerging viruses (yellow) are shown. Spread of emerging diseases are facilitated by urbanization and globalization, such as commercial air traffic and trade (with reprint permission taken from Marston and colleagues (https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.3009872); [6]).
Fig 2.
Schematic representation of pathogenic Henipavirus transmission from the natural host, fruit bats, to susceptible species.
Shown are supposed transmission routes: (1) from bats to bats via placental transmission, lactation, or matting; (2) fruit consumption; (3) excretion and partially eaten fruits; (4) from pig to farmer (NiV Malaysia); (5) date palm consumption (NiV Bangladesh); (6) excretion; (7) from horse to owner (HeV Australia, NiV Philippines); (8) bite, scratch, etc.; and (9) from human to human (NiV Philippines, NiV Bangladesh).