Fig 1.
Effect of EEO treatment on the transcription of differentially expressed genes related to xenobiotic detoxification families and major facilitator superfamily.
Heatmap was prepared using pheatmap that calculated z-score for each gene and plotted by means of a color scale, in which blue/red represent lowest/highest expression. Genes are identified by their VectorBase ID. Dendrogram was plotted with hierarchical clustering among samples and genes based on Euclidean distances and Ward method for clustering. C: control samples. T: treated samples.
Fig 2.
GO enrichment analysis of the RNA-Seq data.
A. Biological process. B. Molecular Function. Functional gene sets were defined using the Gene Ontology (GO) annotations of the Aedes aegypti genome (AaegL5.3 version) in VectorBase. Gene Score Resampling (GSR) method was applied and the reported IDs correspond to the significantly enriched GO-terms (FDR<0.05).
Fig 3.
Hypergeometric test results for enrichment analysis of gene families potentially involved in detoxification.
Horizontal bars indicate total gene numbers. Black bars indicate the number of genes whose expression was unaltered after EEO treatment and gray bars indicate the number of genes differentially expressed in each gene family. P-values for each family are indicated. HSP20: Heat shock proteins 20; HSP70: Heat shock proteins 70; UDP: UDP glycosyltransferases; GST: Glutathione transferases; CSP: Chemosensory proteins; ABC: ABC transporters; CYP: Cytochromes P450.
Fig 4.
A. Multiple sequence alignment of chemosensory proteins identified in Ae. aegypti genome. Predicted signal peptide sequences are indicated underlined and with a light-gray shadow. Conserved cysteine residues are boxed. For clarity reasons, only the conserved region of the larger sequences (AAEL001985 and AAEL019813) are shown. In the last line of each alignment, an asterisk indicates a fully conserved residue, a colon indicates a conservative substitution with strongly similar properties, and a period indicates a semiconserved substitution with weakly similar properties. Black bar in the left indicates sequences located in chromosome 2 cluster; gray bar indicates sequences located in chromosome 3 cluster. B. Phylogenetic analysis of Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae chemosensory proteins constructed on IQ-Tree using the LG+I+G4 (Best-fit model according to Bayesian Information Criterion) as a model of amino-acid substitution and it is based on 1,000 replicates. The branch support values were estimated using the approximate Likelihood Ratio Test based on the Shimodaira-Hasegawa (aLRT-SH) procedure.
Fig 5.
Docking of p-cymene inside a CSP.
A. Best binding mode of p-cymene (yellow) within AAEL001999 protein (ribbon representation). B. Zoom of the binding cavity, highlighting as solid colored sticks all amino acid sidechains within 5 Å of the ligand.
Table 1.
Docking of Ae. aegypti CSPs with p-cymene.