Fig 1.
Experimental setup to measure thermal sensitivity of DENV- and Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes.
Fig 2.
Thermal limits under viral infection.
Knockdown time is expressed in seconds for DENV-infected (D+) and DENV-uninfected (D-) mosquitoes with no Wolbachia present in either treatment. Each replicate (4) contained 20 individuals per treatment (40 total per block). Box plots represent individual replicate medians and confidence intervals. Both the factors ‘DENV Infection’ (p<0.001) and ‘Replicate’ (p = 0.035) were significant by ANOVA. p-values report Tukey’s post hoc comparison for each replicate.
Fig 3.
Relationship between viral load and thermal knockdown in mosquitoes.
Relationship between knockdown time (seconds) and DENV load (per mosquito) in wildtype (D+/W−) mosquitoes. Each point represents a single mosquito with individuals from all 4 replicate experiments. There was no significant relationship (Pearson correlation, p>0.05) between knockdown time and DENV load for the pooled set or for individual replicate experiments.
Fig 4.
Impact of dual microbe infection on mosquito thermal sensitivity.
The effect of Wolbachia and DENV infection on knockdown time (seconds) across 6 temporal replicates, each containing 10 mosquitoes per the 4 treatment combinations. Box plots represent individual replicate medians and confidence intervals for wildtype infected (D+/W-) and uninfected (D-/W-) mosquitoes, along with Wolbachia infected (W+) and uninfected (W-) individuals. Key Tukey’s post hoc comparisons for each replicate are described in the text and S5 Table. In brief, the effects of DENV and Wolbachia individually were significant in all 6 replicates, as was the comparison between the single infection (DENV) and the double infection (DENV and Wolbachia).
Fig 5.
Relationship between bacterial load and time to knockdown in mosquitoes.
Each point represents a single mosquito, with individuals from all 4 replicate experiments presented on one graph. There was no significant relationship (Pearson correlation, p<0.05) between knockdown time and Wolbachia load for the pooled set or for individual replicate experiments analyzed separately (S6 Table).