Fig 1.
Study algorithm to identify acute chikungunya infection.
*DENV IgM/IgG, NS1, RT-PCR; ** CHIKV IgM/IgG, RT-PCR.
Fig 2.
The distribution of Chikungunya virus exposure in Indonesia.
Acute CHIKV infection (ACI): CHIKV RNA was detected by rRT-PCR and/or sero-conversion or four-fold increase in OD ratio of IgM and IgG between paired samples was observed; Previous infection: no evidence of ACI, IgG was positive in acute specimens; No exposure of CHIKV: IgG was negative in convalescent specimens. Map source Wikimedia Commons Atlas of the World [Atlas of Indonesia]. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Indonesia#/media/File:Map_of_Indonesia_Demis.png [Accessed 21 October 2019].
Fig 3.
Distribution of acute chikungunya infection cases by month and year.
Table 1.
Evidence of prior CHIKV exposure based on IgG sero-positivity by site and age.
Fig 4.
Phylogenetic trees showing the relationship of Chikungunya virus identified in AFIRE study.
The relationship was constructed by the maximum likelihood method using nucleotide sequences of the E1 gene (1320 bp) with 1000 bootstrap replicates. The trees consist of 30 E1 gene nucleotide sequences from AFIRE specimens and other sequences from GenBank database. The AFIRE specimens are shown in bold, in the following format: Subject Identification Number | Country | City | Year. The sequences retrieved from GenBank are shown in the following format: Accession Number | Strain (if available) | Country | City (if available) | Year. The scale presents the number of nucleotide substitutions per site along the branches. The sequences of the AFIRE Chikungunya E1 gene were submitted to GenBank. The genotypes were inferred based on phylogenetic clustering set by authors referred for the analysis.
Table 2.
Presenting features of 40 laboratory-confirmed cases of acute CHIKV infection.