Fig 1.
Collection sites, allele frequencies (pie charts) and genotypic frequencies (bar charts) for each of the kdr mutations analysed.
In each allele frequency pie chart, light colour represents the wild-type (susceptible allele) and dark colour the resistance-associated allele. Map source: edited in QGIS v.3.8.0 (July, 2019).
Fig 2.
Agarose gel (4%) stained with GreenSafe Premium containing the amplified products of the AS-PCR assay to detect the V410L mutation.
Lane 1: homozygous 410L genotype, lanes 2–5: homozygous 410V genotype, lane 6: heterozygous 410V/L genotype, lane 7: DNA size marker GRS DNA Ladder 50 bp (GRiSP Research Solutions, Portugal). Lanes 8–9: negative controls.
Table 1.
Linkage disequilibrium coefficients (Rij) and associated chi-squared tests between kdr mutations in Aedes aegypti populations.
Fig 3.
Frequencies of tri-loci genotypes in phenotyped mosquitoes from Luanda and Madeira.
Each tri-locus genotyped is named according to the genotypic composition at each kdr mutation following the order 410 (VV, VL or LL) / 1016 (VV, VI or II) / 1534 (FF, FC or CC).
Table 2.
Knockdown resistance genotype-phenotype associations in Ae. aegypti populations from Luanda (Angola) and Funchal (Madeira island).