Fig 1.
The sampling sites of wild frogs and the prevalence of Spirometra sparganum infection in frogs in each province/autonomous region/municipality of China.
(A) The endemic regions of human sparganosis and reported cases before 2015 in each province/autonomous region/municipality of China. (B) The sampling sites and the infection rate of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei sparganum in frogs in each province/autonomous region/municipality of China.
Table 1.
The comparison of sparganum infections in different frog species collected in different geographical locations in China.
N = number of frogs examined, P = number of positive frogs, MI = mean infection intensity, ML = mean length of spargana. Geographic regions in China are designated as described in the “Study site” section of the main text.
Table 2.
Prevalence of sparganum of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei infection in frogs in China during 2013–2018.
Fig 2.
(A) An example of the multiplex PCR performed with species-specific primer sets. Lanes 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, and 27 indicate amplification with S. decipiens-specific primers (Se/Sd-1800F + Sd-2317R and Se/Sd-7955F + Sd-8567R). Lanes 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 indicate amplification with S. erinaceieuropaei-specific primers (Se/Sd-1800F + Se-2018R and Se/Sd-7955F + Se-8356R). Lanes 1–12, samples from Anhui Province; Lanes 13–22, samples from Yunnan Province; Lanes 23–28, samples from Fujian Province. M, DNA size marker (100 bp ladder). N1, negative control with S. decipiens-specific primers; N2, negative control with S. erinaceieuropaei -specific primers. (B) The phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of the PCR products amplified with the primers Se/Sd-1800F + Sd-2317R based on the maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The numbers along the branches indicate posterior probabilities and bootstrap values. Only posterior probabilities above 0.9 and bootstrap values above 90 are shown.