Table 1.
Molluscicidal activity of quaternary benzodiazepine alkaloids (QBAs) from Macleaya cordata fruits on Oncomelania hupensis.
Fig 1.
Effects of quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids from Macleaya cordata fruits on glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the liver of Oncomelania hupensis snails.
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same color grid of different columns indicate significant differences at the same concentration with different treatment times; different uppercase letters in different color grids of the same column indicate significant differences at different concentrations with the same treatment times (P < 0.05). CK: Control.
Fig 2.
Effects of quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids from Macleaya cordata fruits on carboxylesterase (CarE) activity in the liver of Oncomelania hupensis snails.
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same color grid of different columns indicate significant differences at the same concentration with different treatment times; different uppercase letters in different color grids of the same column indicate significant differences at different concentrations with the same treatment times (P < 0.05). CK: Control.
Fig 3.
Effects of quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids from Macleaya cordata fruits on acid phosphatase (ACP; A) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP; B) activity in the liver of Oncomelania hupensis snails.
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same color grid of different columns indicate significant differences at the same concentration with different treatment times; different uppercase letters in different color grids of the same column indicate significant differences at different concentrations with the same treatment times (P < 0.05). CK: Control.
Fig 4.
Chromatogram of quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids in Macleaya cordata fruits determined by HPLC-MS.
Note: The peak at 338 was an impurity peak in the HPLC-MS spectrometer.
Fig 5.
Chromatogram of sanguinarine (SA) standard sample determined by HPLC-MS.
Fig 6.
Chromatogram of chelerythrine (CHE) standard sample determined by HPLC-MS.
Fig 7.
Mass spectrogram of quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (BasePeak:332).
Fig 8.
Mass spectrogram of quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (BasePeak:348).
Fig 9.
Mass spectrogram of sanguinarine (SA) standard sample.
Fig 10.
Mass spectrogram of chelerythrine (CHE) standard sample.