Table 1.
Assembly and parameters for B. divergens genome.
Fig 1.
Circos plot of B. divergens synteny with B. bovis and B. microti chromosomes.
Lines show the one-to-one ortholog comparison from each contig to chromosomes in other species. B. divergens contig names are indicated in blue, B. bovis chromosome names in red and B. microti chromosome names in green.
Fig 2.
B. divergens free merozoites and intraerythrocytic stages observed in in vitro cultures at ≈ 40% of parasitemia by Giemsa staining.
Figure shows free merozoites and intraerythrocytic parasite stages: (1) Multiple parasites stage formed by more than four parasites within the RBC, (2) paired pyriform, (3) free merozoite, (4) double trophozoites, (5) tetrad (6) single trophozoite, (7) double paired pyriforms, (8) transient morphological combination. Bar 15 μm.
Table 2.
List of genes exhibiting differential expression between B. divergens intraerythrocytic parasites and free merozoites.
Fig 3.
Transcriptomic profiling of both intraerythrocytic stages (above) and free merozoite (below) validated by RNAseq and real-time qRT-PCR.
The values above the X-axis indicate the intraerythrocytic parasite up regulated genes and the values below the X-axis indicate free merozoite up regulated genes. Differential expression profile in both stages is denoted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 asterisks.
Fig 4.
A molecular invasion model proposed for B. divergens.
The scheme represents a hypothetical parasite-host complex that is translocated from the front of the parasite to the back by an actomyosin system during invasion. The free merozoite shows Ca2+–dependent proteins that could govern the secretion of transmembrane adhesive proteins from the micronemes during invasion in a Ca2+ dependent manner. These adhesins are translocated to the parasite plasma membrane (PM) and may act as ligands for host cell receptors. During invasion, parasite sheddases cleave adhesins to disengage interactions with RBC receptors. The scheme on the left shows a magnified view of the potential candidates related to the actin polymerization and glideosome, which localized between the inner membrane complex (IMC), the parasite PM and the membrane of the red blood cell (RBC-PM) powers the merozoite motile process. The scheme on the right shows a magnified view of the B. divergens potential candidates that facilitate parasite-RBC receptor connection and allow the moving junction formation. FMR, formin; GAP40, gliding associated protein 40; GAP45, gliding associated protein 45; GAP50, gliding associated protein 50; MYOA, myosin motor protein; MLC1, myosin light chain1; GAC glideosome-associated connector; RON2, rhoptry neck protein 2; RON4, rhoptry neck protein 4; RON5, rhoptry neck protein 5.