Fig 1.
Interactions between hantaviruses and their hosts in South American Atlantic Forest and its boundaries.
Araraquara-Paranoa orthohantavirus (ARQV), Castelo dos Sonhos orthohantavirus (CASV), Juquitiba-Araucaria orthohantavirus (JUQV-ARAUV), Lechiguanas orthohantavirus (LECV), and Pergamino orthohantavirus (PERV) are genotypes of Andes orthohantavirus (ANDV); Rio Mearim orthohantavirus (RIOMM) and Anajatuba orthohantavirus (ANJV) are genotypes of Rio Mamore orthohantavirus (RIOMV); Laguna Negra orthohantavirus (LANV); Jabora orthohantavirus (JABV) [1,15–19]. Known-pathogenic viruses interactions have red connecting lines, others blue.
Fig 2.
Predicted rodent hantavirus host proportion (PHHC) in the Atlantic Forest rodent community using selected mixed geographically weighted models.
A-D: best supported predictors and their spatially varying values for known hosts of hantavirus genotypes (%); E-G: best supported predictors and their spatially varying values for hosts of pathogenic hantavirus genotypes.
Table 1.
Optimum model covariates for each rodent host group and virus genotype in the Alantic Forest.
Best supported model types for each of the response variables are given, selected based on a Monte Carlo procedure (999 randomizations). Fixed effects do not vary geographically, and estimates are shown. Geographically varying estimates are provided in S2 Table. R2 adjusted values represent the value for a fixed model and a GW model, respectively.
Fig 3.
A. Predicted pathogenic genotype hantavirus host proportions in the community (PHHC). B. Human vulnerability to hantavirus disease (HCPS) of municipalities within the Atlantic Forest. For comparison we used Voronoi polygon optimization based on coordinates of 280 sampling sites. C. Spatial matching (%) of hotspots and coldspots of both variables. Number of Voronoi polygons in each class is in parentheses.
Fig 4.
Best supported predictors from geographically weighted models explaining hosts of potentially pathogenic hantavirus genotypes proportions in rodent communities (PHHC) in the Atlantic Forest.
The colored loess lines indicate the level of spatial clustering of vulnerability to hantavirus infection in humans.