Fig 1.
Illustrated map of communities in Montserrado County, Monrovia, Liberia.
This map (not to scale) depicts communities from which dog serum samples were collected. The map on the right depicts the Southeast region of West Africa and highlights the location of Montserrado County. The image on the left is a zoomed-in illustration of Montserrado county and highlights the location of Redemption Hospital, the University of Liberia Fendall campus, and communities from which dogs were sampled, green dots. Map designed from Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Africa).
Fig 2.
Detection of IgG response in an Ebola virus-challenged non-human primate using a custom-made microsphere immunoassay (MIA).
Serum was collected from a single rhesus macaque prior to and 35 days after infection with Ebola virus. A multiplex MIA was conducted using recombinantly expressed antigens, as noted in the color key, coupled to beads using a serum sample diluted 1:1,000.
Fig 3.
IgG responses to multiple recombinant filovirus and LASV GP antigens in dogs.
(A) Serum samples from 64 dogs were diluted 1:200 and tested for Ebola and Lassa virus antigen-specific IgG responses using the MIA. Cut-offs were generated by determining the mean of 1/3rd (22) serum samples showing the lowest MFI values plus three standard deviations (represented by the horizontal bars). If the cut-off value fell below the readout of the BSA control beads, the highest BSA-bead reading of 45 MFI was used (represented by the dotted line). (B) Serum samples, tested at 1:200 dilution, from five dogs demonstrating the highest IgG responses against multiple filovirus and Lassa virus antigens, expressed as MFI.
Fig 4.
Serum IgG titration curves demonstrate robust or no reactivity to filovirus antigens.
Four serum samples from dogs (numbers 58, 47, 38, 35) with high levels of reactivity to filovirus antigens and two dogs (numbers 27, 7) with low levels of reactivity were diluted two-fold from 1:200 to 1:25,600 for multiplex MIA analysis. BSA was used as a negative control.
Table 1.
Distribution of filovirus seropositive dogs based on town sites where the dogs resided.