Fig 1.
Geographic distribution of all 145 publications included in the literature review.
Map template obtained from OpenStreetMap.
Table 1.
Summary of Leptospira prevalence in rats in Oceania.
Table 2.
Summary of Leptospira prevalence in rats in Asia.
Table 3.
Summary of Leptospira prevalence in rats in the Middle East.
Table 4.
Summary of Leptospira prevalence in rats in Africa.
Table 5.
Summary of Leptospira prevalence in rats in Europe.
Table 6.
Summary of Leptospira prevalence in rats in North America.
Table 7.
Summary of Leptospira prevalence in rats in Central America and the Caribbean.
Table 8.
Summary of Leptospira prevalence in rats in South America.
Table 9.
Distribution of methods of detecting Leptospira spp. used by all studies.
Table 10.
Distribution of samples used by studies that performed culture and/or PCR.
Table 11.
PCR target genes used by 57 studies.