Fig 1.
Chronology and main characteristics of mass drug administration, monitoring and evaluation implemented in the four health districts included in this study, Vatovavy Fitovinany region.
Source: Madagascar Ministry of Health, National Programme for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis.
Table 1.
Lymphatic filariasis baseline characteristics for each health district before initiation of MDA.
Fig 2.
Evolution of lymphatic filariasis mf prevalence (right) and treatment coverage of mass drug administration (left) in four health districts of the region of Vatovavy Fitovinany, 2006–2016.
Red dashed lines show threshold limits for eligibility to conduct a transmission assessment survey: 65% MDA coverage over 5 years and less than 1% mf prevalence in sentinel and spot check sites. Source: Madagascar Ministry of Health, National Programme for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis. For mass drug administration (MDA) coverage estimations, uptake information in paper forms filled by schools and community health workers during MDA campaigns was aggregated by the head of the corresponding health centre, who calculated coverage using Ministry of Health population estimates for each administrative unit. These data were aggregated for each district by the National Programme. Selection of sentinel and spot-check sites and surveillance of mf prevalence in these sites was done strictly following WHO guidelines [10].
Fig 3.
Sampling locations of the three different lymphatic filariasis prevalence surveys that took place in the region of Vatovavy Fitovinany, November-December 2016.
Map was created by the authors with ArcMap software, version 10.4.1 using administrative layers from the Government of Madagascar and GPS information from the prevalence surveys.
Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of study participants at each of the three surveys.
Table 3.
Prevalence of lymphatic filariasis (%) in the region of Vatovavy Fitovinany in 2016, assessed by Filariasis Test Strips.
Table 4.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to LF transmission in sentinel and spot-check sites of Manakara Atsimo, Mananjary, Vohipeno and Ifanadiana districts (N = 3,325).
Table 5.
Factors associated with FTS positivity in sentinel and spot-check sites of Manakara, Mananjary, Vohipeno and Ifanadiana1 (N = 3,325).