Fig 1.
Distribution of countries according to R. A. Mashelkar.
Developed, industrialized nations occupy the top-right quadrant; less developed countries the bottom-left quadrant. Countries of high economic strength due to abundant natural resources (such as the oil-exporters rich countries of the Middle East) occupy the top-left position. The lower-right quadrant was regarded by Mashelkar as the most interesting as it was home of countries with high S&T capacity but at the turn of the century relatively weak from an economic point of view. Reproduced from [1] with permission.
Table 1.
Comparison of the 2005 original country ranking with those of the present study.
Fig 2.
Distribution of countries according to % publications addressing NTDs.
The red line spans from 0.07% (Ukraine) up to 2.17% (Brazil).
Fig 3.
Evolution of publications on Ebola and Zika, 2012-2016.
Publications on Ebola were already non negligible before the epidemics and peaked in 2015 while the Zika virus was not really in the global radar screen of researchers or institutions before the epidemics spread in Brazil in 2015.
Fig 4.
Coauthorship country networks addressing epidemics.
Each node represents one country and two countries were considered connected if their authors shared the authorship of a paper. The thickness of links indicates the frequency of collaboration between two nodes. Bigger sizes and warmer colors indicate high betweenness centrality. Upper part: countries publishing on Ebola, 2015. Lower part: countries publishing on Zika, 2016.
Table 2.
Coauthorship networks, Ebola 2015 and Zika 2016.
Top 5 relevant countries and institutions, number of publications and betweenness centralities.
Table 3.
Top 25 innovative countries according to different indexes.
Countries’ nomenclature according to the original studies. Non-high income economies (IDCs) are shown in italics.
Fig 5.
Distribution of total patent applications in the world, 2004/2015.
The top 4 country patent offices are indicated. Source: WIPO Statistics (World 2004: 1.574.200 patent applications; World 2015: 2.888.800 patent applications). Available in: https://www3.wipo.int/ipstats/keysearch.htm?keyId=221. Access in: August 18, 2017.