Fig 1.
Map of Tanzania showing the administrative regions of Tanzania (main map) and the location of the Moshi Municipal and Moshi Rural Districts within the Kilimanjaro Region (inset).
Maps were made using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) open access software [19]. Shapefiles were obtained from Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics [20].
Fig 2.
Map of Moshi Municipal and Moshi Rural Districts showing representative locations of rodent study villages and study slaughterhouses in relation to the two study hospitals (Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) and Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH).
Maps were made using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) open access software [19]. Districts shapefiles were obtained from Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics [20].
Table 1.
Summary of rodent trapping effort and success by village.
Table 2.
Results of Leptospira lipL32 qPCR testing of kidneys from peri-domestic rodents and ruminant livestock (cattle, goats and sheep).
Fig 3.
Phylogenetic tree showing the relatedness of the Leptospira secY gene (434-bp fragment) derived from qPCR-positive livestock samples.
The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei nucleotide substitution model [73]. The tree with the highest log likelihood is shown and drawn to scale with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. Sequences from this study are labelled with unique identifiers (C0025-C0658); host species; and GenBank accession numbers (MF955862 to MF955882). Sequence from reference Leptospira serovars are also shown [34]. Expanded clades show reference serovars closely related to study genotypes. More distantly related species clades are collapsed and shown with species labels only. Host and country locations shown for Africa isolates are show in parentheses. Sequences from this study that show 100% identity with L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo are highlighted in blue; non-Hardjo L. borgpetersenii sequences are highlighted in pink; L. kirschneri sequences are highlighted in green and sequences without an attributed species are highlighted in orange. Abbreviations: (sv) serovar; DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo).
Table 3.
Infecting Leptospira species based on secY sequencing from qPCR positive samples from cattle, goats and sheep.