Table 1.
Vectors, hosts, symptomology and estimated numbers of cases and deaths of selected arboviruses.
Fig 1.
Influence of nutrition on the arbovirus vector–host cycle.
Growth and development of mosquitoes as well as several pathways (epizootic, enzootic, and urban epidemic) could be impacted by the nutrition of both the host and the vector species. Red stars indicate areas where nutrition could have the most impact on susceptibility, severity of infection, and even vector competence.
Fig 2.
Correlation of malnutrition with reported distributions of arboviruses.
Prevalence (by percent) of children under the age of 5 that are (A) underweight for their age, (B) wasted, or (C) stunted are shown in blue. Data are the most recent statistics for each country indicated available from the United Nations Children’s Fund (available at http://data.unicef.org) and were mapped using QGIS 2.18.12. Overlay colors indicate reported distributions of DENV (light red shading), YFV (pink border), CHIKV (orange border), ZIKV (yellow border), JEV (green border), and RVFV (purple border). Distributions are adapted from Weaver et al. 2017 [214]. CHIKV, chikungunya virus; DENV, dengue virus; JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus; RVFV, Rift Valley Fever virus; YFV, yellow fever virus; ZIKV, Zika virus.
Table 2.
Seroprevalence studies associating nutrition with infection susceptibility and arbovirus infection in humans.
Table 3.
Relationships between arboviral disease severity and nutritional factors in humans.
Table 4.
Studies observing the effect of nutrition on vector competence.