Fig 1.
The study areas and sites of animal sampling.
A. Localization of the Bonon and Sinfra foci which reported the highest number of HAT cases diagnosed from 2000 to 2010 in Côte d’Ivoire. B. Localization of the last HAT cases diagnosed from 2011 to 2013 and the sites of domestic animals sampling in the Bonon and Sinfra foci. This figure was created by the mapping service of our team based at Institut Pierre Richet (Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire) specifically for this manuscript.
Table 1.
Number of domestic animals sampled by species and foci.
Fig 2.
Parasitological and PCR results.
Proportion of BCT (2A), T. brucei s.l. TBR-PCR (2B), T. congolense forest type TCF-PCR (2C) and T. vivax TVW-PCR (2D) positive results on the total sample collection for each host in the two foci. A significant difference between Bonon and Sinfra is indicated by a star.
Table 2.
BCT and PCR results per host species (percentage are given in brackets).
Fig 3.
Microsatellite genotyping results.
Neighbor-joining tree (NJTree), based on Cavalli-Sforza and Ewards Chord distance, of the amplified microsatellite genotypes. Reference stocks are in bold. The unique monophyletic lineage corresponds to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and is indicated above the corresponding branch. The presence of several missing genotypes prohibited the use of bootstraps. Bo = Bonon, Si = Sinfra, Tbg = Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Tbg2 = Trypanosoma brucei gambiense group 2, Tbb = Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Tbrh = Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.
Fig 4.
Immune trypanolysis (TL) results.
Proportion of the LiTat 1.6 (4A), LiTat 1.3 (4B) and LiTat 1.5 (4C) TL positive results on the total sample collection for each host in the two foci. A significant difference between Bonon and Sinfra is indicated with a star.
Fig 5.
Reactivity to the Litat 1.3, 1.5 and 1.6 VAT according to the different PCR profiles.
PCR profiles are given as follow: PCR TBR result/PCR TCF result/PCR TVW result. n = number of animals with the corresponding profile. Numbers on the top are the numbers of animal positives with Litat 1.3 and/or 1.5 TL or with LiTat 1.6 only.
Table 3.
Distribution of the LiTat 1.3 and/or LiTat 1.5 trypanolysis positive results in cattle and pigs.