Fig 1.
Tick species diversity infesting livestock of Pakistan.
(A) Tick species prevalent in different geographic regions of Pakistan (B) Tick species prevalence in Pakistan. Species with less than 1% abundance are grouped as “others”; these include Haemaphysalis kashmirensis (0.98), Hyalomma turanicum (0.67), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (0.39), Hae. sulcata (0.34), Hy. kumari (0.10), Hy. hussaini (0.08), and R. annulatus (0.08). Haemaphysalis is abbreviated to Hae. Hyalomma is abbreviated to Hy. Ticks (~ 4000) were collected from different livestock and domestic animal hosts (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, camel, dog, cat and poultry) across the country.
Fig 2.
Bacterial diversity at the genus level in ticks from livestock in Pakistan.
Group 1, Rhipicephalus microplus from cows; Group 2, R. turanicus from goats; Group 3, Haemaphysalis cornupunctata from sheep; Group 4, Ha. cornupunctata from goats; Group 5, Ha. kashmerensis from goats; Group 6, Ha. montgomeryi from goats; Group 7, Ha. montgomeryi from buffaloes; Group 8, Ha. montgomeryi from cows; Group 9, Ha. bispinosa from goats; Group 10, Ha. bispinosa from buffaloes; Group 11, Hyalomma anatolicum from cows; Group 12, Hy. anatolicum from buffaloes; Group 13, Hy. scupense from goats; Group 14, Hy. isaaci from cows; Group 15, Ornithodoros tholozani from buffaloes. Less than 2% of genera were removed during graph preparation. Haemaphysalis is abbreviated to Ha. Hyalomma is abbreviated to Hy.
Table 1.
Ticks tested for SFG Rickettsia.
Table 2.
Detection of spotted fever group of Rickettsia and quantification of R. amblyommii in ticks from livestock.
Table 3.
Piroplasm detection and quantification of Theileria annulata in Hyalomma ticks from livestock in Pakistan.