Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of ambulatory cases received for Chikungunya Diagnosis and Surveillance for 2014-2015(Epidemiological week 26)*.
Fig 1.
Confirmed chikungunya cases distribution in all Panamanian national territory.
Map of Panama with a closer view of Panama City and its surrounding areas. Red triangles represent the cases of 2014 while green dots cases of 2015.
Fig 2.
Epidemic curve of chikungunya and dengue cases reported in Panama country from 2014 to July 2015.
A. Red bar represents Chikungunya imported cases and blue bar autochthonous cases. B. Blue dots represent dengue positive cases in the country of Panama from the National Dengue surveillance program (left axis). From this surveillance ICGES detected ~10% (577/6459) of the national dengue positive cases (green broken line, right axis). All the positive Chikungunya cases (red bar, right axis) from the National Chikungunya Surveillance program were analyzed at ICGES.
Table 2.
Comparison of the incidence rates of CHIKV and DENV infection in 2014 and 2015 in Panama.
Fig 3.
Epidemic curve and vector infestation level reported for each epidemiological week during 2014 and 2015 in Panama and San Miguelito districts.
(A) Epidemic curve of CHIKV infections (97/107) from epidemiological week 19 in 2014 to 26 in 2015; autochthonous (red) and impor (blue) cases reported. (B) Time serial analysis showing data collected (black), interpolated (grey) and predicted (red) of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus infestation level. (C) Abundance tendency of Ae. aegypti (blue bars) and Ae. albopictus (black line).
Fig 4.
Distribution of chikungunya cases and Aedes infestation index in Panama and San Miguelito districts from 2014 and 2015.
Maps with imported (blue dots) and autochthonous (red dots) Chikungunya confirmed cases showing the Aedes infestation index for each county of Panama and San Miguelito districts (green = low infestation index, < 2; yellow = medium infestation index, 2–4; orange = high infestation index, >4) from May (epidemiological week 19) to December 2014 (A) and January to July (epidemiological week 26) 2015 (B).
Fig 5.
Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree of 53 CHIKV sequences based in the E1/E2 protein gene fragment of 995 nucleotides. The three major viral lineages and the American Clade are shown. British Virgin Island's and strains detected in Panama (imported and autochthonous) are in red like all the American clade strains. Virus labels include country of isolation, strain designation, and year of isolation. The evolutionary relationships were undertaken with the GTR+G+I model. Bootstrap values are shown in major branches. All horizontal branch lengths are drawn to scale (bar = 0.02 nucleotide substitutions per site). The tree is midpoint rooted for purposes of clarity only.