Fig 1.
In Singapore (left), each sampling point represents one breeding container from which larvae were collected. In Townsville (right), each sampling point represents one BG-Sentinel trap from which adults were collected.
Table 1.
Sample ID, region (SNP—Singapore, QLD_T—Townsville, QLD_C—Cairns, Queensland), X, Y (longitude/latitude decimal degrees), collection (method/breeding container), sex (F—female, M—male), form (t–type, q—queenslandensis [5][7]), mitochondrial haplotype (mt hapl, Hap1-24), per individual proportion of heterozygous (het) nuclear loci, average (aver) locus depth, and proportion of missing (miss) loci.
Fig 2.
Mitochondrial Maximum likelihood phylogeny.
Twenty-four different mitochondrial haplotypes (Hap1-24) found in Aedes aegypti type and var. queenslandensis that co-occur in Singapore and northern Queensland, Australia. Sequences of the three outgroups (Ae. albopictus, Ae. vigilax, Ae. notoscriptus) and Ae. aegypti Liverpool strain were obtained from the NCBI nucleotide sequence/genome database, with the NCBI accession numbers listed in square brackets. The number of Ae. aegypti individuals with a given mitochondrial haplotype is listed in parentheses. A circle designates haplotypes found in Queensland, and a triangle those found in Singapore. Open symbols designate haplotypes found in the queenslandensis form, and filled symbols those found in the type form.
Fig 3.
Nuclear genetic structuring (DAPC).
Individuals marked with an asterisk (*) in their sample ID were identified as Aedes aegypti queenslandensis based on diagnostic scaling patterns [7]. (a) Scatterplot summarizing the individual DAPC scores (axes 1 and 2) in Aedes aegypti samples collected in Singapore, Queensland, Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); (b) Individual membership probability to genetic groups in Singapore; (c) Individual membership probability to genetic groups in northern Queensland.
Fig 4.
Pairwise genetic versus geographic and color distance.
Pairs of Aedes aegypti collected in Singapore (upper graphs) and Townsville (lower graphs). A value of zero for Rousset’s genetic distance (â) indicates a distance between a pair of individuals randomly drawn from a given sample, while a negative value indicates lower than average genetic distance between a pair (i.e. their higher relatedness). Color distance between pairs of individuals was treated as a binary value: 0 (same color/form) and 1 (different color/form).