Fig 1.
A. Map of Bihar state, India with the boxed study cohort. B. Detailed map of Raghopur block showing the study cohort with seven villages of interest; details of water bodies, land and inhabitant distribution.
Fig 2.
Flow chart of the study population.
Flow chart of the study population from PKDL patients who were treated at Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna, Bihar between 2009 and 2014.
Table 1.
Comparative status for history of VL episode of the PKDL cases in the study cohort.
Table 2.
Selected confounders in the cohort.
Fig 3.
Village-wise PKDL case distribution.
Village-wise PKDL case distribution in the study cohort of Raghopur block, Vaishali district, Bihar, India.
Fig 4.
Distribution of arsenic contamination in groundwater and PKDL cases in the study cohort.
A: Map of Raghopur block showing spatial distribution of inhabitants, B. Distribution of arsenic in groundwater in seven villages of the study cohort, C. Overlap of location of PKDL cases with distribution of arsenic in groundwater in seven villages of the study cohort.
Fig 5.
Distribution of PKDL cases in respect to variable arsenic concentrations in the study cohort.
Table 3.
Odds ratios (ORs) for risk of PKDL development in the study participants in association to arsenic exposure.