Fig 1.
Weekly notification of suspected cholera cases.
The Disease Surveillance Service of the Ghana Health Service reports 20,120 cholera cases according to the WHO case definition between May 2014 and December 2014 with a peak number of 2,853 cases in the 35th calendar week (25–31 August).
Fig 2.
Spatial and temporal location of suspected cholera cases (Mai 2014-December 2014; n = 20,120).
As notified to the Disease Surveillance Service of the Ghana Health Service according to the WHO case definition suspected cholera cases are plotted by district by 5-week period panels. The figure was produced with Arc GIS 10.0 (ESRI: ArcGis Desktop: Release 10.2011).
Table 1.
Antimicrobial resistance for each antibiotic (A) and resistance profile (B) of Vibrio cholerae isolates, by year of disease onset (n = 92).
Fig 3.
Pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) dendrogram for Vibrio cholerae isolates (n = 45).
The three clusters A, B and C (bold letters) are based on a similarity cut-off of 95% (Dotted line; Dice coefficient, represented by UPGMA, 1.0% optimization and 1.5% tolerance). The geographical location, year of disease onset, serogroup, serotype and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) results are given for each V. cholerae isolate. Regional three-letter codes: ASH, Ashanti region; CEN, Central region; GAR, Greater Accra region; VOL, Volta region. District three-letter codes: AAN, Asante Akim North; ACC, Accra; ADE, Adentan; AGW, Agona-Swedru; AWS, Awutu-Senya; ASA, Ashaiman; GAE, Ga East; GAS, Ga South; GAW, Ga West; GOE, Gomoa East; GOW, Gomoa West; HOH, Hohoe; HOV, Ho; KPK, Kpone-Katamanso; LEK, Ledzekuku-Krowor; TEM, Tema.
Fig 4.
Minimum spanning tree of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) for Vibrio cholerae isolates (n = 45) by year of disease onset.
Clonal complexes (CC 1, CC 2, CC 3) were defined as isolates connected through a chain of single-locus variants. Grey figures indicate the number of different alleles. Three-digit codes present the laboratory isolate number.