Fig 1.
Overview of sampling strategy used in 2015 field study.
Fig 2.
Overview of data sources and statistical methods.
Fig 3.
Fiji geography, and examples of environmental and census data used: a) Divisions and ‘regions’ included in the study, major rivers; b) altitude; c) rainfall; d) total cattle density; e) poverty rate; f) proportion of households with metered (treated) water at home.
See Table 1 for data sources.
Table 1.
Summary of environmental, census, socio-demographic and livestock data used.
Fig 4.
Seroprevalence by age group and gender.
Seroprevalence was defined as the percentage of participants with reactive MAT (≥ 1:50) to at least one of the 6 serovars used in the final panel. Blue = male. Red = female.
Table 2.
Leptospira seroprevalence by age, gender, ethnicity, community types, and region.
Fig 5.
Distribution of MAT titres for serovar Pohnpei (blue) and other serovars (red); using the final panel of 6 serovars.
Fig 6.
Community-level seroprevalence at the 81 communities included in the study; a) prevalence varied from 0% to 60%; b) enlargement of the Suva area in eastern Viti Levu; c) enlargement of Taveuni and eastern Vanua Levu; and d) enlargement of northwestern Viti Levu including Ba.
Fig 7.
Percentage of positive MAT reactions associated with each of the 6 serovars included in the final panel by: a) age groups, and b) regions.
Positive MAT reactions defined as titre of ≥ 1:50.
Table 3.
Variables significantly associated with positive MAT for Leptospira on univariable and multivariable analysis–Model A^ (individual-level variables).
Table 4.
Variables significantly associated with positive MAT for Leptospira on univariable and multivariable analyses–Model B^ (environmental and census variables).
Table 5.
Associations between positive MAT for Leptospira and animal exposure at home and in the community.
Fig 8.
Seroprevalence estimation chart based on Model A, a multivariable logistic regression model of individual-level variables for a) females and b) males.
The chart shows the combined effects of independent risk on the estimated prevalence of leptospirosis infection. Seroprevalence was defined as as the percentage of participants with reactive MAT (≥ 1:50) to at least one of the 6 serovars in the final panel.