Fig 1.
Urban slum community site in the city of Salvador, Brazil.
A) An aerial photograph of the study site shows the boundaries of the study site. B) A topographic map of the study site for which open sewer drainage systems have been overlaid. C) A representative photograph demonstrating the social and environmental gradient within the Pau da Lima community. D) Resident in contact with water and mud when cleaning an open sewer.
Fig 2.
Leptospiral infection rate according to age group and gender.
Rates are shown as infections per 1,000 annual follow-up events. Red bars: females. Blue bars: males. Whiskers: 95% CI.
Table 1.
Univariable risk factors for leptospiral infection duringduring prospective follow-up of the urban slum cohort, 2003–2007.
Table 2.
Multivariable risk factors for leptospiral infection during prospective four-year follow-up of the urban slum cohort.
Fig 3.
Risk of leptospiral infection within the Pau da Lima study site at each of four annual repeated measures during prospective follow-up of the community cohort.
The choropleth map indicates the 50 areas with highest odds of infection (red) and the 50 areas with lowest odds of infection (blue) at each follow-up period.