Fig 1.
Detection of NSPs from in vitro cultured E. granulosus PSCs.
The coomassie-stained proteins and UV detected TAMRA-labeled NSPs from the PSCs incubated for 72 h in the presence (A and B) or absence (C and D) of AHA, respectively.
Fig 2.
In toto visualization of proteins synthesized by E. granulosus PSCs induced to strobilar development.
(A) NSPs were specifically visualized in the presence of AHA and Alexa Fluor 488 Alkyne. The other images represent the DAPI nuclei staining, the bright field merges of DAPI and Alexa Fluor 488 antibody staining and the bright field images. (B) AHA+/Alexa-, (C) AHA-/Alexa+ and (D) AHA-/Alexa- did not show significant fluorescence or autofluorescence (400x). (E) The quantification of NSP (Alexa Fluor 488) and nucleic acid regions (DAPI) fluorescence. a.u., arbitrary units.
Fig 3.
Proteins identified in E. granulosus PSCs after the induction of strobilar development.
Venn diagram showing the identified proteins in the AHA and control samples. (A) Exclusive proteins identified in SSD and CSD. (B) Differentially expressed proteins.
Table 1.
Differentially expressed proteins.
Fig 4.
Metabolism in E. granulosus PSCs after induction of the strobilar stage.
A representative schematic of the metabolic pathways that may be active during the strobilar development of PSCs. These reactions comprise the degradation of carbohydrates to phosphoenolpyruvate and the production of pyruvate and succinate.1) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; 2) NADP-dependent malic enzyme; 3) Pyruvate dehydrogenase; 4) 2 amino 3 ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase; 5) Citrate synthase; 6) Aconitate hydratase mitochondrial; and 7) Succinate dehydrogenase ubiquinone.
Fig 5.
Comparative analysis of NSPs from E. granulosus PSCs after the induction of strobilar development.
(A) Functional categories of total identified NSPs. Percentages of identified proteins in each functional category are indicated. (O) Post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones; (C) Energy production and conversion; (Z) Cytoskeleton; (U) Intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport; (S) Function unknown; (K) Transcription; (J) Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis; (A) RNA processing and modification; (F) Nucleotide transport and metabolism; (E) Amino acid transport and metabolism; (T) Signal transduction mechanisms; (D) Cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning; (G) Carbohydrate transport and metabolism; (Q) Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism; (L) Replication, recombination and repair; (P) Inorganic ion transport and metabolism; (M) Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis. The distribution of level 3 biological processes for SSD and NSD-exclusive and up-regulated proteins. (B) A heat map from NSPs with high (red) or low (green) expression levels between the SSD and NSD groups.