Fig 1.
These maps were generated by the Malaria Atlas Project, University of Oxford. The colour scales reflect the model-based geostatistical point estimates of the annual mean P. falciparum parasite rate in the 2–10 year age group (PfPR2–10) (top) [45] and P. vivax parasite rate in the 1–99 year age range (PvPR1–99) (bottom) [46] within the stable spatial limits of transmission in 2010. The approximate locations of the study sites described here are indicated with black stars.
Table 1.
Details of parasite sampling.
Table 2.
Within-host and population diversity.
Table 3.
Pair-wise differentiation between sites.
Fig 2.
Population structure in P falciparum.
Bar plots illustrating the population structure at K = 2–5 in P. falciparum. Each vertical bar represents an individual sample and each colour represents one of the K clusters (sub-populations) defined by STRUCTURE. For each sample, the predicted ancestry to each of the K sub-populations is represented by the colour-coded bars. K1 = light green, K2 = dark green, K3 = red, K4 = orange, and K5 = white.
Fig 3.
Population structure in P. vivax.
Bar plots illustrating the population structure at K = 2–5 in P. vivax. K1 = light green, K2 = dark green, K3 = red, K4 = orange, and K5 = white.
Fig 4.
Unrooted neighbour-joining tree illustrating the genetic relatedness between P. falciparum (top) and P. vivax (bottom) isolates.
Table 4.
Linkage disequilibrium.