Figure 1.
Geographic distribution of viruses used in this study.
Distribution of (A) Bwamba virus, (B) Pongola virus, (C) Nyando virus, (D) Mojuí dos Campos virus, and (E) Kaeng Khoi virus. Countries in which these viruses have been isolated (dark colors) and/or where specific antibodies to these viruses have been detected (light colors) are shown in orange (BWAV), red (PGAV), blue (NDV), purple (MDCV), and pink (KKV), respectively. The geographic location from which the virus strains used in the present study were isolated, are indicated with black dots. The strain names for these isolates are also indicated.
Table 1.
Virus strains used in this study.
Figure 2.
Phylogenetic relationships among BWAV/PGAV and NDV/MDCV/KKV group viruses.
Maximum likelihood trees were constructed based on the nucleotide sequences of the S segment, M segment and L segment, as indicated. Bootstrap values based on 1,000 replicates are also indicated. Viruses lineages added based on sequences determined as a part of this study are indicated in color: Bwamba virus (orange), Pongola virus (red), Nyando virus (blue), Mojuí dos Campos virus (purple), Kaeng Khoi virus (pink).
Figure 3.
Comparison of virus genome structures.
The genomes of the various virus groups sequenced in this study are shown to scale. The non-coding regions are shown in grey while the major open reading frames encoded by each segment [S segment: N (ORF), M segment: GPC (ORF) and L segment: LORF)] are shown in colored boxes. The NSs protein, which is produced from a downstream ATG in the S segment, is shown in a lighter shade of the corresponding color for each virus. The total genome length of each segment is indicated at right.
Figure 4.
Comparison of virus growth in various cell lines.
Cell lines derived from bats (i.e. Tb 1 Lu and RE05), mosquito (i.e. C6/36) or non-human primates (i.e. VeroE6) were infected with the indicated viruses at a multiplicity of infection of 0.1. Supernatants were harvested either immediately after infection (0 h) or after 72 h incubation and titres were determined using plaque assay.