Table 1.
Structure of recombinant antigens.
Table 2.
Summary of serum reactivity from positive and negative controls.
Figure 1.
Serum reactivity by the multiplex assays for 8 antigens among healthy Japanese and clinically diagnosed positive sera: HIV (gag, gp41and gp120), W. bancrofti (SXP1), L. donovani (KRP42), T. gondii (SAG1), E. histolytica (C-IgL), and V. cholerae (CTX) antigens.
Red horizontal lines represent cut-off values calculated as the means plus three standard deviations (SDs) of the distributions of median fluorescence intensity (MFI) values of 40 healthy Japanese serum samples.
Figure 2.
Geographic distribution of sampled populations from the two HDSS sites.
Each dot represents individuals selected for the survey. From each HDSS site, 2200 residents were selected by sex and age group. At the Kwale HDSS site, 1453 individuals agreed and participated in blood sample collection. At the Mbita HDSS site, 1958 individuals agreed and participated.
Table 3.
Age and sex distribution of serological survey participants at the two HDSS sites.
Figure 3.
Distribution of median fluorescence intensity (MFI) for antigens of HIV (gag, gp41, and gp120), W. bancrofti (SXP1), L. donovani (KRP42), T. gondii (SAG1), E. histolytica (C-IgL), and V. cholerae (CTX).
Solid lines: Kernel density of the distribution. Actual distributions are expressed as histograms. Dotted lines: Normal distribution separated by mathematical models (finite mixture models) used to calculate cut-off values for each antigen. Vertical lines: Green represents cut-off values calculated using Japanese volunteers; red represents those calculated by two normal distributions obtained by mathematical models. MFI: outcome value of the microsphere-based assay system; these values are roughly equivalent to antibody titer.
Table 4.
Sero-positive proportions measured by multiplex assays and prevalence ratio at the two study sites.
Figure 4.
Age- and sex-specific prevalence of serological positives among sampled populations from Kwale and Mbita sites for HIV, W. bancrofti, L. donovani, T. gondii, E. histolytica, and V. cholerae.
HIV positivity defined as at least two serological positives among three antigens tested (gag, gp41, and gp120).