Figure 1.
Flow diagram to show follow up of cohort to 3 years of age.
The children included in the present analysis were those for whom a stool sample was collected at 3 years of age.
Figure 2.
Prevalence of STH infections in children, parents, and other household members.
Prevalence of STH infections in children is shown at regular age intervals during the first 3 years of life. The maternal stool sample was collected during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and from other household members soon after the child's birth.
Figure 3.
Cohort age-distributions of infection intensity categories with A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura.
Infection intensities were estimated using the Kato-Katz method in eggs per gramme of stool and intensity groups were categorized using WHO guidelines [11]: A. lumbricoides (light- <5,000 epg; moderate = 5,000–49,999; heavy – ≥50,000); T. trichiura (light - <1,000 epg; moderate – 1,000–9,999; heavy – ≥10,000).
Table 1.
Characteristics of 1,697 study participants stratified by the presence or absence of any soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection during the first 3 years of life.
Table 2.
Univariate and multivariable associations between risk factors and having any STH infection during the first 3 years of life.
Table 3.
Univariate and multivariable polytomous logistic regressions for factors associated with age of first infection with any STH parasite.
Figure 4.
Model of the potential effects of risk factors on the risk of STH infections.
The model shows potential effects of environmental and socioeconomic risk factors on risk of STH infections in early childhood and morbidity. Potential interventions to reduce risk of infection are illustrated with red crosses.