Table 1.
Patient characteristics and laboratory parameters.
Table 2.
Urine dipstick test results.
Figure 1.
Box plots of daily UPCR for dengue fever (DF) (A), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) before DHF onset by defervescence day (B) and by DHF onset day (C).
Black bars in the boxes indicate daily medians whereas blue diamonds indicate daily means of UPCR. The length of whiskers are 1.5 times the interquartile range from the box, the dots which are out of the whiskers are the outliers.
Figure 2.
Receiver-operating characteristic curves of prediction of DHF by peak UPCR only (A), the logistic regression model using UPCR at initial presentation adjusted by age and illness day (B) and the logistic regression model using white blood cell count, serum hematocrit, platelet count, serum protein, bleeding and UPCR at initial presentation (C).
By maximizing sensitivity and specificity, the peak UPCR cut-off of 29 mg/mmol yielded sensitivity 76% and specificity 60%. From logistic regression model using UPCR at initial presentation adjusted by age and illness day, the maximum sensitivity and specificity were 76% and 76.9%. The maximized sensitivity and specificity of logistic regression model using white blood cell count, serum hematocrit, platelet count, serum protein, bleeding and UPCR at initial presentation were 91.7% and 79.6%.
Figure 3.
Time course analysis of proteinuria for DF and DHF.
Overall means are indicated as solid lines with 95% credible intervals as dashed lines. The red bar on X-axis indicated days with a “significant” difference between DF and DHF. The blue line indicated UPCR level of 29 mg/mmol.
Table 3.
Comparison of performance of various reported biomarkers and predictive algorithms for dengue hemorrhagic fever.