Figure 1.
Maximum likelihood (ML) estimate of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum phylogenetic relationships based on currently available cox1 sequences of human-infecting Diphyllobothrium species and their close relatives computed in Garli 2.0.
Nucleotide data matrix was 1563; codon positions were analyzed separately according to the partition scheme and models (TrN+I) (F81) (TrN+I+G) chosen according to the BIC in PartitionFinder 1.0.1. Nodal support values depict bootstrap support proportions >50 based on 1,000 repetitions estimated in Garli. Note that the D. pacificum branch was shortened by a factor of two. Newly obtained sequences are shown in bold type; country of origin is listed for D. dendriticum infections.
Figure 2.
Morphology of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum.
(A–E, G, H) Human case from the Czech Republic. (A) Whole worm. (B, C) Whole mount of gravid proglottids and their detail. (D) Sagittal section of gravid proglottids. (E, I) Egg in light microscope and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). (F) Scolex (SEM). (G) Lateral extremities of gravid segments (SEM). (H) Whole worm. (F, H) SEM of the specimen from experimentally infected hamster.
Table 1.
Sequences of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum used in phylogenetic analysis (Figure 1).
Figure 3.
Geographical distribution and human cases of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum.
Black dots represent autochthonous human cases; white dots represent imported human cases. Black line delimits the area of D. dendriticum distribution (grey colour).