Figure 1.
Map of Nigeria and its geopolitical zones.
North Central - Benue, FCT, Kogi, Kwara, Nasarawa, Niger, Plateau. North East - Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, Yobe. North West - Kaduna, Katsina, Kano, Kebbi, Sokoto, Jigawa,, Zamfara. South East - Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, Imo. South - Akwa-Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross-River, Delta, Edo, Rivers. South West - Ekiti, Lagos, Osun, Ondo, Ogun, Oyo. Note: Elevation data based on ETOPO2 global 2-minute gridded resolution from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) available from ESRI Redland, CA.
Figure 2.
LF prevalence data, endemicity status and disease data.
a. CFA and Mf data. b. LF endemicity. c. Disease data. Note: Data source for CFA, MF prevalence (2a) and disease (2c) data available in Table S1. LF endemicity map (2c) developed by FMoH.
Table 1.
Summary of CFA prevalence by state.
Table 2.
Summary of Mf prevalence by state.
Figure 3.
LF prevalence data pre-MDA and post-MDA.
a. Pre-MDA CFA (n = 68). b. Post-MDA CFA (n = 66). c. Pre-MDA Mf (n = 124). d. Post-MDA Mf (n = 38). Note: Data source for CFA, MF prevalence available in Table S1.
Figure 4.
LF prevalence overlapping loiasis areas.
a. CFA prevalence and loiasis. b. Mf prevalence and loiasis. c. LF endemicity and loiasis. d. Close up of LF and loiasis overlap. Note: Loiaisis endemicity based on eye worm history map determined from RAPLOA surveys published by Zouré et al. 2011 [7]. Three levels of loiasis shaded green <20%, yellow 20–40% and dark brown >40% highlight the extent of geographical overlap between CFA (4a) and MF (4b) prevalence data points available in Table S1. Figure 4c shows loiasis overlap with LF endemicity map developed by the FMoH, and the medium to high risk loiasis areas (yellow and dark brown shading) of the south eastern region is shown close-up in 4d. The small localized high risk loiasis area (dark brown) geographically coincides with areas classified as LF non-endemic (solid green).
Figure 5.
LF prevalence and intervention distribution overlap.
a. CDTi treatment (ivermectin). b. CDTi and LF. c. CDTI and loaisis. d. LLIN coverage. e. LLINs and LF. f. LLINs and loiasis. Note: Data source for CDTi (5a) based on WHO-APOC Country profile – Nigeria [31] (shaded grey) and for LLIN coverage (5d) based on Malaria Indicator Survey [40] (shaded blue) to highlight the geographical overlap with CFA and Mf data prevalence points from Table S1(5b and 5e) and loiasis map by Zouré et al. 2011 [7] (5c and 5f) respectively.